Abandoned Property Commissions, 116, 126, 127

Abdülhamid II (1842-1918),Ottoman Sultan (imperebat: 1876-1909), 44, 49, 50, 51, 53-55, 57-59, 88, 94, 247, 340

Abdülmecid I (1823-61), Ottoman Sultan (imperebat: 1839-61), 37, 334

Adana, xv, xviii, 41, 58, 59, 62, 71, 75, 82, 102-103, 111-113, 118, 120-122, 124-125, 130, 133, 136, 158, 160-161, 167, 174-176, 178, 180, 183-186, 189, 194-195, 199-200, 203-205, 342

Agop Paa, 49

Agaoglu (1869-1939), Ahmed, 260

Aharonian, Avetis, 191

Ahmed Cevdet Paa (1822-95), 258

Akçura, (1876-1935) Yusuf, 259

Akkoyunlus, See White Sheeps

Alaca, 150, 151

Albanians, 252, 279

Aleksanian, Dikran, 338

Aleppo, 61, 102, 111-113, 117, 119122, 124-125, 131-133, 185, 190, 205, 298

Alevites (Alevоler), 254, 255

Alexander II, Russian Tsar (imperebat: 1855-81), 57

Alexandria, 243, 317

Ali Seydi Bey, 113

Allenby (1861-1936), General Edmund, 157

Allied Powers, 208, 209, 211, 213216, 227, 228, 231-233, 237

Americans for Armenia Society, 225

Anatolia, xi, xii, xiv, 3-4, 7-11, 1519, 21, 24-26, 28, 41, 45, 48, 5056, 58-62, 66, 69, 71-73, 75-77, 79, 87, 89, 101, 109-110, 114, 117, 140, 143, 149, 150, 155158, 173, 175, 179, 181-186, 189, 192, 199, 205-206, 208-209, 211, 214, 217-218, 227, 238,242, 254, 279-280, 282, 286-288, 292, 299-300, 302, 309-313, 336

Ancient Egypt, See Egypt Ankara, xiv, 8, 33, 39, 62, 82, 111112, 120, 122, 125, 130, 143, 190, 192, 194-197, 199, 205, 209, 213, 223, 229, 231, 234235, 301, 334, 335

Ankara Government, 190, 194, 227

antisemitism (anti-Semitism), xvi, 244-245, 274, 276, 284-285, 312, 316-318, 320-322, 324-325, 328, 330-331,

Antranik (1865-1927), guerilla General (Ozanyan), 149, 183, 189

Arab provinces, 50, 61, 77

Aram Paşa (1879-1919), guerilla leader, 91, 94-96

Araratli, 93

Armen Garo, See Pastirmaciyan Karekin

Armenakan (party), 88, 89

Armenia America Society, 212, 216

Armenian church, 32, 34, 48, 52-53, 59, 66, 280

Armenian Legion, xiv, 41, 155-158, 173-176, 178, 181, 183, 186-187, 190

Armenian lobbies, xv, 150, 213, 225226, 238

Armenian Patriarchate, 9, 47, 56, 66, 68, 81, 288, 301, 337

Armenian Patriarchate Statistics, 66-68, 80-81

Armenian representatives, xv, 12, 76, 211, 215, 233, 338

Armenian Senators, 338

Armenian societies, 216, 236

Armenians, ix, x, xi, xii, xiii, xv-xviii, 1-5, 7-16, 18-21, 24-29, 31-32, 38-42, 45-63, 65-67, 71-82, 87116, 118-130, 132-141, 145-154,156-161, 165-167, 169-170, 173186, 188, 190-193, 196-199, 202208, 211, 213-223, 225-227, 229231, 233-238, 242, 252, 254, 260-261, 263-265, 279-281, 283303, 306-307, 309-310, 312-317, 320, 332, 335-338, 340-344

ASALA, 63

Ashkenazim, 333

Asia Minor, See Anatolia

Assyros, 230 Aşug Emir, 29

ATASE archives of the Turkish General Staff, 150, 181, 205

Athens, 246, 335

Auschwitz, 330

Ayyubids, 87

Babanzade Ahmed Naim Bey, 260

Babylonians, 244

Bagratouni, Kakig, 7

Balians, 12

Balkan countries, Balkans, 245, 296

Balkan Wars (1912-1913), 9, 43-44, 46, 48, 50, 69, 238, 265, 279, 281, 283, 286, 288, 307-313, 333, 337

Balyan, Agop (1838-75), 39

Balyan, Bali, 39

Balyan, Krikor (1764-1831), 39

Balyan, Nikogos (1826-58), 39

Bangladeshis, 315 Barton, James L., 156, 212

Berberian, H., 28 Bezjian, Zenop, 135

Birecik, 117, 121, 131

Bitlis, xviii, 49, 78, 82, 87, 88, 102, 110-113, 119, 120, 122, 139, 146, 154, 182, 192, 232, 282, 288, 292, 301

Black Death, 319

Black Sea, 8, 74, 92, 143, 157, 182, 286

Black Sheeps (Karakoyunlular), 10, 87 blood libels, 319

Boghos Nubar Paa , 4, 95, 135, 157, 182, 297, 299, 307

Bosnians, 252, 309

Brest-Litovsk (1917), Treaty of, 144, 310

Briand (1862-1932), Aristide, 191, 197

Bristol, U.S. Admiral Mark, 172, 188, 192

British Armenia Committee, 216 British Foreign Office, 216, 227, 231, 232, 235, 236, 293

British Parliament, 128

Bryce (1838-1922), Viscount James, 128

Bulgaria, 3, 14, 44, 45, 50, 54, 55, 78, 207, 208, 222, 236, 286

Büyük Kaзgхn (The Great Flight), 102

Byzantium Empire, See İstanbul

Caesaropapism, 248, 249

Caliph-Sultan, 58, 248

Calvinists, 336

camps, 135, 157, 294, 308, 323, 329, 330, 335

Candan (1885-1948), Artaki, 37, 48

Canik, 111, 118, 120, 121, 122, 123, 185, 294

Capitalism, 319, 329

Catholic Armenians, 47, 112, 130, 134

Catholicism, 47, 244, 245, 255,

Caucasus, xv, 3, 41, 44-47, 50-51, 62, 110, 134, 135, 139, 182-183, 213, 279, 286-287, 296-298

Celaleddin Arif Bey, 213

Cemal Bey (1872-1922), Ottoman Minister of the Marine (later, paa), 59 Chaldeans, 230

Chamberlain, Houston Stewart, 324

Chareklis, 66

Child, Richard Washburn, 213

Christianisation, Christianity, 7, 25, 301, 318-319, 341

Cilicia, xiv, xv, 59, 71, 155, 157, 158, 172-173, 175-177, 179, 181186, 189-199, 202-205, 215, 217, 221, 225, 233, 301,

Circassians, 66, 67, 101, 175, 242, 260

Cizre, 117, 132

Clausewitz, Carl von, 325

Comité d'Egypte,, 178

Comité Philarménic,, 224

Committee of Union and Progress, See Ittihad ve Terakki Cemiyeti

Constantinople, See Istanbul

Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1948), 264 Converts, 121, 124, 138

cyclone-B poison, 330

Cyprus, 78, 156, 157, 186

Çaldõran (1514), the Battle of, 11

Çelebi, Evliya, 40, 87

Çukurova, xiv, 8, 24, 155, 186, 194,205

Dadians, 12

Damad Ferid Pa a (1853-1923), 189

Das Dritte Reich, 325

Dashnag, 16, 17, 32, 52, 59, 88, 91,

94, 96, 102, 146, 149, 153, 207,

234, 282, 283, 287

Davis, A. Leslie, 118

Dergazaryan, 35

Dersim, 119, 133, 292

Deukmejian, George, 13

devşirme, 10, 39, 250, 251

devşirme system, 249-251, 253,

258-259

Dickson, Bertram (British Vice-

Consul), 88, 89, 93, 97

din-ü devlet, 248

Directorate of General Security,

Ottoman, 141

Diyarbakõr, 28, 30, 49, 54, 55, 62,

82, 102-103, 111-113, 117, 119-

120, 122, 131-132, 282, 292, 301

Dreyfus affair, 320, 331

Dro (Drastamat Kanayan), 149, 153

Duzians, 12

133, 134, 139, 143-152, 154,

183, 282, 286, 287, 292, 301

Eastern question, 109, 207-208,

214, 245, 257,

Ebert, Friedrich, 323

Echmiadzin, 47

Edirne, xi, 28, 69, 82, 121, 297, 301,

313

Egypt, 27, 77, 78, 156, 157, 176,

178, 182, 203, 205

Einstein, Albert, 321, 335

Elviye-i Selâse (the Three Sub-

Provinces), 146

Emperor Romanus IV, 7

Endlösung (idFinal Solutionl)), 328

Entente Powers, 179, 180

Enver Pa a (1881-1922), Minister of

War during World War I, 18, 19,

59, 62, 97, 109, 110, 143, 144,

290, 295, 296, 307

Erzurum, xiii, xviii, 17, 19, 23, 32,

39, 49, 54, 62, 74, 75, 78, 82, 88,

100, 110-113, 117, 119-122, 131,

133, 134, 139, 143-152, 154,

183, 282, 286, 287, 292, 301

Eskişehir, 73, 120, 122, 123, 125,

131, 143, 185, 294

European Inquisition,

Fascist Germany, See Nazi

Feke, 169, 170

fermans (edicts), xi, 336

feudalism, 319

fifth column, xv, 255

First Crusade (1096), 318

First World War, See World War I

Fourth Lateran Council, 319

France, xiv, 30, 43-46, 49-52, 54,

55, 60-63, 78, 139, 150, 156,

177-178, 183, 185-186, 190-191,

193-194, 196-199, 204, 206, 208-

210, 214, 219, 227, 232-234,

245, 254, 277, 319-320, 325,

331, 340

Franco, Fethi, 280

Franklin-Bouillon, Henri (1872-

1937) the French negotiator of the

treaty (1921) with the Ankara

Government, 194, 195, 197

French occupation, 155, 176, 177,

180, 185, 186, 188, 190, 195,

199, 205, 206

French Parliament, 242

French Revolution, 1, 281, 320, 331

Gagauz, xi

Galicia, 107

Garabet Artin Davut, 338

Garabet Balyan (1800-66), 39

Gavroş , 32

Geneva, 16, 52, 312

genocide, xv, xvi, xviii, 2, 5, 20, 40-

42, 61-63, 106-108, 128, 135,

140-141, 149-150, 154, 208, 239-

243, 249, 252, 254, 255, 257-

260, 263-264, 266-280, 283-285,

288-290, 294-296, 298, 300-305,

307, 309-310, 313, 315, 322,

328, 330, 341-342, 344

Gobineau, Count Arthur de, 324,

325, 340

Goebbels, P.J., 327

Göring, H.W., 327, 330

Grand Duke Nicholas, 87, 286

Grand National Assembly of Turkey,

ix, xviii, 21, 200, 201, 229

Grand Rabbi, See Hahambaşı

Greece, 3, 14, 44, 46, 51, 78, 206,

208, 219, 222, 234, 286, 311,

317, 335

Greek Government, 218

Greek invasion of Anatolia, 3

Greek Patriarch, 337

Gregorian Church, 27, 337

Grew, Joseph C., 212, 229

Güllü Agop See Vartoviyan

Gümrü, Agreement of (Alexandropol,

Leninakan, 1920), 63, 147, 148,

152, 154

Gypsies, 66-67, 240, 330

Haber, Fritz, 321

Habsburg, 258

Hague Conventions, 267

Hahambaşı (Ottoman Grand Rabbi),

332

Hak Mehmed, 150, 153-154

Haleb, See Aleppo

Halil Rifat Pa a (d. 1856), 57

Hamelin, General, 173, 175-178,

187

Hamid Bey, 113, 193, 195

Hamidiye Cavalry Regiment, 54

Hamparsum, Boyacõyan (1867-1915,

Murad), 19, 55

Hanciyan (1857-1947), Levon, 37

Harbord, James G., 148

Harding, U.S. President W.C., 231

Harput, 37, 49, 55, 292, 301

Hasan Bey (Saka, 1886-1960), 209,

229

Heço, 149

Hellenism, 318, 341

Hinchag, xvii, 16, 32, 52, 53, 59,

89, 91, 94, 102, 207, 234, 282,

290

Hitler, Adolf, xvi, 150, 240, 241,

274, 284, 321, 322, 323, 326-

329, 331, 335, 339

Holocaust, See Jewish

Holy Land, 318

Hotomyan, Artin, 134

Hugenouts, 254

Hulusi Bey, 120

Hutus, 276

Iberian Peninsula, 245, 319, 333

India, xv, 78, 141

International Red Cross, 193

Iraq, 23, 77, 78, 182, 233, 280, 290,

297

Isaac Sarfati, Rabbi, 333

İçel, xviii

İskenderun (Alexandretta), 45, 52,

110, 112, 157, 190, 193, 204

İsmail Hakkõ Bey, 120

İsmet Pa a (later, Ý nönü, 1884-

1973), General (later, President of.369

Turkey, 1938-50), 208-211, 217-

221, 223-224, 228-231, 234-236

İstanbul, xvii, 8-9, 12, 15, 21, 24-

25, 27-28, 30, 32-35, 37-38, 41,

46-47, 51-52, 55-58, 61-62, 68,

71-72, 75, 77, 87-88, 95, 118,

120, 128, 134, 141, 143, 145,

148-149, 172, 177, 180-181, 183-

185, 190, 193, 196, 229, 234-

235, 246, 266, 280, 286, 293,

297, 301-302, 313, 334-335

(Committee of Union and

Progress), 17, 260

İzmirliyan, Armenian Patriarch

Madteos III (1894-96, 1908-09),

56, 57

İzmit, 111, 120, 122, 125, 131, 139,

185, 294

Japan, 44, 46, 78, 208-210, 219,

310, 311

Jewish professors, 332

Jewish, Jewish Holocaust, Jew-

hatred, Jews, Judaism, Jude,

World Jewry, xi, xiv, xv, xvi, 1-2,

4, 9, 34, 67, 87, 141-142, 184,

206, 240, 243-245, 249, 253-254,

257, 259, 261, 266-268, 274,

276-278, 284- 285, 294, 301-302,

312, 315-323, 325, 327-336, 338,

340-341, 343-344

Kanayan, See Dro

Kapamacõyan, Bedros, 91

Kapõ Kullarõ (Janissary Corps), 10

Karabekir (1882-1948), General

Kâzim, xiii, 63, 146-148, 150-153

Karahisar-i Sahib, 111, 120, 185

Karakoyunlus, See Black Sheeps

Karasi, 111, 120, 185

Kars, xiii, xviii, 62-63, 71, 79, 81,

117, 134, 139, 145, 147-150, 152

Kayseri, 7-8, 32-33, 39, 111, 117,

120, 122, 131, 134, 143, 183,

301

Kazazian, Hagop, 338

Kévorkian, Raymond H., 81

Khwarizmshahs, 87

Kiliçarslan, 336

Kirkuk, 111

Kizilbashis, 66

Komitacis, 191, 288

Konya, 8, 61, 82, 102, 111, 117,

121-122, 124-125, 131, 133, 301

Kozan, 24, 42, 112, 169, 183

Kurdish tribes, 11, 62, 75, 101

Kurds, xii, 54-55, 57, 61, 66, 92,

100-101, 104, 119, 175, 186,

188, 242, 260

Kuyumjian, O., 338

Küçük Kaynarca, the Treaty of

(1774), 27

Lausanne Convention (1922-23), xiv,

3, 63, 207-209, 211-217, 220,

223, 225, 229, 231-234, 236-238,

266

Laz, 66, 67

League of Nations, 193, 227, 232-

233, 237-238, 297

Léart, Marcel (Krikor Zohrab), 68

Lebanon, 47, 50, 63, 78, 191, 193,

205

Lebensraum, 329

Légion Arménienne,

See Armenian Legion

Lemkin, Raphael, 266, 269, 270

Lenin, V.I. Ulyanov, 144, 145

Lepsius, German Pastor Johannes,

xvii, 128

Levantine, xi

Ligue Internationale Philarménienne,

216, 231, 235

Limonciyan, Hamparsum, 37

Lloyd George (1863-1943), David,

British Prime Minister (1916-22),

197

Loti (1850-1923), Pierre, 41

Lucasian, Sahak, 40.

Mahmut II (1785-1839) Ottoman

Sultan (imperebat: 1808-39), 34

Malazgirt, the Battle of (1071), 8, 24

Maloumian, K., 340

Malta, British crown-colony, xviii,

55, 62, 266, 302, 343

Mamelukes, 8, 10

Mamuretülaziz, 82, 111, 112, 117-

120, 124, 131, 134, 136

Mann, (1875-1955) Thomas, 324,

326

Mara , 62, 111-113, 117, 120-122,

126, 132, 158-160, 165-167, 169-

170, 179-181, 183, 186, 299

Marr (1819-1904), Wilhelm, 316

mass graves, xiii, xiv, 143, 150, 154,

300, 309

matzot (Passover bread), 319

Mayewski, General, 88, 101

Meclis-i Mebûsân (Ottoman

Parliament), 12

Megali Idea, 341

Mehmet II (1432-81), Ottoman

Sultan (imperebat: 1444,1451-81),

332

Mein Kampf, 327

Melikşah, 28

Mersin, 110, 112, 118, 128, 158,

186, 193, 204, 205

Middle East, 4, 72, 76, 156, 246,

332

millet system, Ottoman, 249-250,

252-254, 258, 332, 336

millet-i sâdika (the loyal community),

12, 15, 24, 48

Mirzacan, 28, 29

Moldavia, 27

Moltke (1800-1891), Helmuth von,

24, 25

Mondros (Mudros), the Armistice of

(1918), 41, 157, 170, 179, 206,

208, 209

Mongols, 24, 87

monotheism, 285, 317

Morgenthau, Henry (U.S.

Ambassador), xvii, 118, 128, 135

Mosul, 95, 111, 113, 117, 125, 132,

135, 210

Mutasim (833-842), Caliph Abbasid,

24

Muhiddin Bey, Lieut.-Col., 120

Muhtar Bey, 120

Murat IV (1609-40), Ottoman Sultan

(imperebat:1623-40), 31

Muslims, xi, xii, xiii, xviii, 1, 3, 9,

15, 17, 20-21, 41, 48-49, 52-55,

60, 66-69, 71, 73, 75, 77-78, 80,

87-88, 90-93, 95-102, 104-107,

109, 112-113, 136, 139, 151,

157-161, 165-167, 170, 178, 183,

189, 190, 195, 199, 223, 234,

251, 253-254, 258-259, 279-281,

285-286, 288, 290, 296, 299-301,

308-310, 312-313, 331-334, 336-

337, 340

Mussolini, Benito, 210, 322, 325

Mustafa Kemâl Pa a (later, Atatürk,

1881-1938), the first President of

Turkey (1923-38), 3, 42, 175,

179, 181, 193, 199, 201, 206

Muş , xviii, 55, 154, 282, 288

Mutevekkil, Abbasid Caliph, 24

Müşir Zeki Paşa, 53

Nathan, Edward (U.S. Consul), 118,

128

National Pact (1920), 210

Nazi, Nazi period (1933-45), xvi, 2,

240, 256, 266, 268, 274, 294,

315, 319-320, 322, 325, 327,

330-332, 334-335, 341, 343

Near East, 33, 102, 173, 246

Near East Relief, 223

Nemrut Mustafa Martial Court 266,

302

Nerses II, See Varjabedyan

Nestorius (428-431), Patriarch, 23

Niblack, U.S. Admiral, 202

Nicholas II (1886-1917), Russian

Tsar (imperebat: 1894-1917), 287

Niğde , 111, 120, 122, 123, 184, 185,

294

Nikogos A a, 34, 37, 48

Nizam-i Âlem (General Order), 250-

251

Nogales, Rafael de (Méndez), 97.371

Noradoungian, Gabriel, Armenian

Ottoman Foreign Minister, 49,

191, 196, 337

North Africa, xv

North America, 5, 17, 277

Nuremberg (Nürnberg) War Crimes

Trials, 240

Nuremberg Laws (1935), 321

Oba, 150, 153

October Revolution, 144, 271, 298

Orhan I (1288-1359), Ottoman

Sultan (imperebat: 1324-59), 333

orphanages, 122, 123

Orthodox Patriarchate, 46

Ottoman archives, 6, 141, 293, 338

Ottoman Bank, 56, 122, 342

Ottoman courts, xiii, xvi, 341

Ottoman Governments, x, xii, xvi,

15, 45, 49, 68-69, 105, 109, 114,

117, 123-126, 128-130, 137-138,

140-141, 182, 186, 208, 265,

287, 290, 293, 296, 312, 336-

337, 341, 343

Ottoman modernization, 256-257,

259

Ottoman Syria, 71

Ottoman-Russian War (1877-78),

xi, 43, 207, 286

Pachalian (1869-1943), Levon, 233,

237

Paboudjian, Paul B., 81

Papazyan, Dr. Varhad, 89

Papen (1879-1969), Franz von, 326,

328

Paris Peace Conference (1919), 4,

76, 180, 182, 206, 265, 297, 299,

307

Pastõrmacõyan (1873-1924), Karekin

(Gareguine Pasdermadjian, Armen

Garo), 19

Pax Ottomana, xv, 252

Pax Romana, 252

Persian Gulf, 23, 45

Persians, 66, 67

Picot, Georges, 182

PKK, 63

pogroms, 114, 285, 321

Poincaré (1860-1934), Raymond,

210, 215

Poland, 26-27, 31, 311, 333

Politeia, 243, 247-250, 255-257

Pozantõ, 158, 174, 194

Prime Minister™s archives, xiv, 6

Protestants, 59, 121, 128, 135, 139,

212, 225, 236, 245, 280, 336,

337

Protestant Armenians, 110, 112,

122, 134-135, 301, 313, 342

Protestant missionary organisations,

212-213

Przevalsky, General, 144-145

Rabbi Naum, 211

Rauf Bey, (later, Orbay, 1881-1964),

223

Reichskristallnacht (1938), 329

religious tolerance, x, 2

Relocation Law (1915), 105

Republic of Armenia, xiv, 108, 183,

237

Republic of Turkey, 63, 324, 331,

334, 341

Rõza Nur (1878-1942), 209, 220-221,

226-228

Roman Empire, Romans, 244, 248,

318, 332,

Romanovs, 258

Rosenberg (1893-1946), Alfred, 325

Rumania, 3, 44, 46, 208, 210, 219,

222

Rumbold, Sir Horace, 219, 227

Russian Old Believers, 1

Russification, 341

Rwanda, 272, 276-277

Safavids, 11, 87, 250, 255

Said Halim Paşa (1863-1921), 62

Saimbeyli (Hacin), 41, 183

Sakarya (1921), the Battle of, 190.372

San Stefano, Treaty of (1878), xvii,

43, 207, 286

Sarıkamış , xviii, 59, 143-145, 147,

149, 293

Sarkis Zeki, 29

Sassoun, xvii

saz-poets, 28, 30

Second World War, 4, 20, 317, 329,

332

Selim I (1470-1520), Ottoman Sultan

(imperebat:1512-20), 10-11, 247

Seljuk Turks, 8, 318, 336

Sephardim, 333

Sèvres, the Treaty of (1920), xiv, 63,

196-198, 237, 265-266, 297, 302

Shaumyan, Stephan, 146

Sheikh-ul Islâm (chief religious

authority), 343

Shiism, 248

Shinopian, Migirdich, 280

Shishmanian, John Aram, 189

Sõvas, 7-8, 39, 42, 49-50, 54, 82,

111, 117, 120, 122-123, 127, 131,

143, 181, 282, 292

Sis, 24

Siverek, 117

Southern Caucasus, 71, 73, 77, 79-

81

Soviet Union, 63, 208, 232, 275, 323

Spain, 1, 44, 45, 130, 254, 255, 277,

333

St. Bartholomew massacre, 245

Staatsgeist, 257-259

Stalin, I.V. Dzhugashvili, 145

Statute of Rome, 272, 277, 304-306,

313

Strasser (1892-1934), Gregor, 327

Subatan, 150, 152-153

Sunnism, 248

Süleymaniye, 113

Syria, 10, 23, 69, 77-78, 111, 120,

125, 132, 135, 137, 157, 172,

173, 176, 178, 182-184, 188,

190-191, 193-195, 201, 203-205,

222-223, 225, 234, 290, 294,

297, 301, 318

Şen, Bimen 35-37, 48

Takvim-i Vekayi, 116, 127

Talât Bey (later, Talât Pa a, 1874-

1921), Ottoman Minister of

Interior and Grand Vezir,

assassinated by an Armenian, 18,

59, 62, 109-112, 114-116, 126

Tanzimat (Reform era, 1839-76), 16,

32, 257-259, 264, 286

Tarsus, 117, 118, 158, 203, 205

Tashnak, See Dashnag

Tatyos, Kemani (1858-1927), 37, 48

Ten Commandments, 317

Ter-Minassian, Anahide, 32

Tero, 149

Terzibaşiyan, 89

Third Reich, xvi, 321-322

Tõmar, 103, 150, 152

Tiflis (Tbilisi), 16, 52, 62, 79

Timur, 8

Tokat, 39, 72, 283

Toynbee (1889-1975), Arnold J., 128,

298

Trabzon, 8, 27, 54, 82, 111, 118,

120-123, 131, 143, 149, 184,

185, 193, 281, 283, 310

Treaty of Berlin (1878), 43-44, 49

Treaty of Carlowitz (1699), 44

Treaty of London (1913), 44

Tsarist Russia, 43, 143, 279, 321,

341

Turkish Straits, 208

Turkism, 259-260, 341

Turkoman, 175, 250

Turks, ix, x, xi, xii, xiii, xiv, xvi, xviii,

1-3, 7-11, 13-15, 17, 21, 24-26,

28-29, 33, 40-42, 48, 50, 52, 56,

59-60, 62-63, 66-67, 78, 88, 95,

108, 114, 128, 134, 139-140,

142, 144, 149-150, 154-157, 173-

175, 178, 181-182, 184, 186-193,

196, 198, 201-204, 206-207, 211-

212, 218, 223, 225-226, 229-230,

233, 247, 251, 261, 264-265,

279-280, 283, 286-288, 290, 296,

298-300, 302, 308-313, 333-337,

340

Tutsis, Nilo-Hamitic, 276

Tverdo-Khlebov, Lieut.-Col., 148.373

Tyrell, Sir W., 211